- Zhang Junhua;Liu Xinyang;Wang Meng;Ren Rui;Zhao Xuanjie;Guo Peng;
This study aimed to clarify the pathogen composition,biological characteristics,infection patterns,and effective control agents for panicle blight of rice in Heilongjiang Province.Diseased panicles were collected from different rice-growing areas in Heilongjiang Province and subjected to tissue isolation,pathogenicity tests,morphological observation,and molecular identification.The primary pathogens identified were Fusarium graminearum,Alternaria alternata and Nigrospora oryzae.The biological characteristics of these three pathogens were systematically investigated.Pathogenicity assays revealed that F.graminearum exhibited the strongest pathogenicity,followed by A.alternata,while N.oryzae was the weakest.In vitro toxicity tests screened highly effective fungicides:75% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole showed the best inhibitory effect against F.graminearum (EC_(50)=0.0140 μg·mL~(-1));30% tebuconazole-azoxystrobin was the most effective against A.alternata (EC_(50)=0.0060 μg·mL~(-1)) and N.oryzae (EC_(50)=0.0310 μg·mL~(-1)).
2025年04期 v.32;No.101 1-14页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 780K] [下载次数：6 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：4 ] - Meng Haoxin;Du Mengle;Chen Xiuling;Liu Jiayin;Wang Aoxue;
In recent years,nanomaterials have demonstrated significant potential in agricultural applications.Nano-manganese trioxide (nano-Mn_2O_3),a novel metal oxide,and its derivatives have emerged as a promising manganese fertilizer to improve crop manganese nutrition,with ongoing research exploring its mechanisms in enhancing plant growth and productivity.Studies have also identified nanozyme-like properties in nanomaterials,though whether Mn_2O_3 exhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic activity in plants or can serve as an enzymatic substitute requires further investigation.This study utilized hydroponically cultivated tomato seedlings treated with varying concentrations of nano-Mn_2O_3 to evaluate its effects on growth,physiological activity (including photosynthesis,antioxidant defense system homeostasis and nutrient absorption/transformation) and its potential SOD-like enzymatic functionality within plant tissues to assess agricultural applicability.Key results demonstrated that,compared to the control,nano-Mn_2O_3 treatment significantly enhanced plant height,stem diameter,root length,aboveground fresh weight,and dry biomass,while improving leaf relative water content,chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic efficiency through boosting electron transport in photosystem II and light energy utilization,collectively enhancing stress resistance.The nanoparticles notably modulated the antioxidant defense system by elevating catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities,while exhibiting intrinsic SOD-like enzymatic behavior,suggesting their role as nanozyme substitutes.Specifically,0.05 g·L~(-1) nano-Mn_2O_3 optimally promoted root development parameters,whereas 0.5 g·L~(-1) most effectively enhanced aerial growth metrics.Additionally,all tested concentrations significantly influenced macronutrient accumulation in aboveground tissues,with concentration-dependent effects observed on nutrient assimilation patterns.These findings underscored nano-Mn_2O_3's dual functionality as both a micronutrient supplement and enzymatic substitute,providing critical insights for developing advanced nano-enabled agricultural inputs.
2025年04期 v.32;No.101 15-29页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 750K] [下载次数：3 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：3 ] - Yang Xiaohan;Huang Shuo;Teng Song;Sun Yiwen;Wang Wenxin;Yang Shuting;Liu Zhenghao;Liu Xuesheng;Wang Chunhong;Jiang Baiwen;
Manure slurry application to farmland reduces chemical fertilizer use,mitigates pollution,and improves soil fertility.However,researches on the role of anaerobically treated cow slurry applied to soil microorganisms in Northeast China remain underexplored.Here,in laboratory incubation experiments,different treatments including various combinations of sterilized and non-sterilized soil and slurry,and different application rates were employed to examine the effects of indigenous microorganisms on soil microbial communities.Field-collected soil samples were employed to examine the responses and spatial variations of soil microbes under production conditions.The results indicated that indigenous soil microorganisms exerted a dominant influence in the microbial community variations,while the impact of cow slurry microbiota on community diversity was relatively minor.At the phylum level,Proteobacteria (P=0.031,R=0.969) showed a significant positive correlation with the slurry application,whereas Acidobacteriota (P=0.012,R=–0.988) and Basidiomycota (P=0.01,R=–0.99) showed significant negative correlations.In the field environment,the autumn slurry application effects on soil microbes in the following year were not significant.In contrast,under spring slurry application,the cow slurry-soil agglomerations led to significant spatial differences in soil microbial communities,with higher microbial diversity observed in the vicinity of agglomerations.The microbes in agglomerations,such as Actinomycetes,Bacteroides and Proteobacteria,were found to be beneficial for the crop residue decomposition.These microorganisms could decompose organic compounds including lignin,cellulose,hemicellulose,and xylan in crop straw.Overall,slurry application indeed influenced soil microbes and induced spatial variations,providing insights for sustainable agricultural practices.
2025年04期 v.32;No.101 30-47页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1470K] [下载次数：3 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：3 ] - Yang Minghao;Long Xi;Yan Xu;Nie Wanting;Wang Zhaoming;Jiang Dingyu;Jiang Jingwen;Wang Zicheng;Bai Yuhang;Yang Ziyuan;Gong Caiqian;Yin Xiujie;
Trifolium repens L.served as the experimental subject to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of Hg andPb stress on seed germination,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for further research on the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil utilizing this species.The findings indicated that the germination energy,germination percentage and germinationindex under 10 mg·L~(-1) Hg treatment were significantly elevated compared to the CK group (P<0.05),with a remarkable germination percentage reaching 97%.Conversely,the germination energy,germination percentage,germination index,vigor index,radicle length,and fresh weight under 200 mg·L~(-1) Hg treatment were substantially lower than those of the CK group (P<0.05).At 100 mg·L~(-1) Pb treatment,the radicle length of Trifolium repens L.was significantly higher than that of the CK group,whereas the 500 mg·L~(-1) Pb treatment resulted in a notable reduction in seed germination energy,germination percentage,germination index,and vigor indexcompared to the CK group (P<0.05).Under Hg and Pb stress,the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) initially increased before declining,while catalase (CAT) activity rose with increasing heavy metal concentrations.Ultrastructure observations of the radicle revealed that 200 mg·L~(-1) Hg inflicted considerable damage to the radicle of Trifolium repens L.,and 500 mg·L~(-1) Pb also harmed root cells,resulting in the dissolution of nucleoli within the nuclear membrane.The results demonstrated that low concentrations of heavy metal also promoted the germination of Trifolium repens L.,while both 200 mg·L~(-1) Hg and500 mg·L~(-1) Pb significantly inhibited its germination.
2025年04期 v.32;No.101 48-60页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 807K] [下载次数：0 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：4 ] - Nie Chenyi;Zhou Jiaxin;Yu Zhao;Li Kuo;Gao Aili;
Hemorrhagic stroke,the second leading cause of stroke,is a severe medical emergency that often leads to severe disability or death;however,the causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious agents and hemorrhagic stroke using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.Comprehensive analyses were conducted using publicly available data from genome-wide association study (GWAS),which involved the whole genomes of 9 724 European participants and 46 antibody measurement phenotypes,and summary statistics from the FinnGen dataset R12 (including intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage) were used.The causal relationship between the aforementioned immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke was analyzed using inverse-variance weighting,MR–Egger regression,weighted median,weighted mode,simple mode,and MR–pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR–PRESSO),while various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the study findings.Results showed that human herpes virus 7 (HHV–7) U14 antibody levels (OR:0.877,95% CI:0.797–0.964,P=0.007) exerted a protective effect against hemorrhagic stroke,and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) tarp–D F2 antibody levels (OR:0.937,95% CI:0.885–0.992,P=0.025) had a potential protective effect;additionally,Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ZEBRA antibody levels (OR:1.062,95% CI:1.012–1.114,P=0.014),human herpesvirus 6 (HHV–6) p101k antibody levels (OR:1.054,95% CI:1.002–1.108,P=0.042),and cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp150 antibody levels (OR:1.086,95% CI:1.002–1.176,P=0.045) were potential risk factors for the disease.No significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed in any of the MR analyses.Collectively,these findings confirmed a significant causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke,and this study contributed to a deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying hemorrhagic stroke onset.
2025年04期 v.32;No.101 61-73页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1020K] [下载次数：7 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：2 ] - Li Lu;Li Zhuolin;Wang Yuanhao;Lv Wei;Zhang Minghui;Ao Jinxia;
A lactating dairy cow mammary epithelial cell (DCMEC) model is useful for studying milk synthesis and lactation in the dairy cow mammary gland.However,the cells can only maintain their original characteristics for a limited period in vitro.Thus,the proliferative capacity and lactation pattern of subcultured DCMECs need to be characterized.In the present study,subcultured DCMECs appeared to proliferate without changes in morphology or growth pattern up to the 12th passage.Subculturing had no obvious effect on the lactation capacity of the subcultured DCMEC up to the 10th passage in vitro.These results indicated that the DCMEC line could be subpassaged up to 10 times and still maintain its original milk synthesis characteristics.Moreover,DCMECs were frozen using different methods,and the method of placing the vials in the foam box was determined after cryopreservation with the best adherence of 91.2%.This method was recommended for long-term cryopreservation for DCMECs.
2025年04期 v.32;No.101 74-82页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 735K] [下载次数：2 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：2 ] - Zheng Xianzhe;Chen Qiming;Liu Chenghai;Zhang Yuhan;Zhu Haihui;Xu Di;
The low-temperature spray drying technology was developed to process instant berry powder with high efficiency and higher anthocyanin retention.The maltodextrin,whey protein and inulin were selected as additives for instant properties formation in berry powder.The effects of inlet air temperature (40 ℃–80 ℃),vacuum degree (0.02–0.06 MPa) and additive amount on the physicochemical properties of berry powder were analyzed through solubility,anthocyanin retention and powder yield,based on moisture content and microstructure.The findings indicated that adding maltodextrin to berry enhanced the powder yield and instant solubility.Whey protein,as an additive,provided effective protection for the anthocyanins of berry powder,and the addition less than 10 g·100~(-1) g improved the powder yield.Inulin,as an additive,reduced moisture content of berry powder,which was conducive to the higher anthocyanin retention and solubility.Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) analysis was conducted to optimize the spray drying parameters for anthocyanin protection and solubility.The addition of 100% maltodextrin enhanced anthocyanin protection and solubility,while maintaining the desired moisture content and powder yield.This approach was used to evaluate the comprehensive quality of berry powder.This research can provide technical guidance for producing berry powder under low-temperature spray drying.
2025年04期 v.32;No.101 83-96页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1046K] [下载次数：1 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：5 ] <正>~~
2025年04期 v.32;No.101 97-100页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 305K] [下载次数：1 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：3 ]